If you are lucky, you can ask the artist or someone who has spoken to the artist (e.g. a guide or a museum staff member) or read a text explaining the meaning of the artwork. You can also discover a lot by looking closely and asking yourself some questions:
What do I see? Look at the work and all its details. What shapes stand out? How are colours used? What draws your attention? What does the work remind you of?
How was the work made? What is it made of? Is it a large or small work? Does it consist of one part or several parts?
What do I think of the work? What do I feel when I look at this work? Talk about it with someone else. What does this person see?