Henri Van Herwegen first made a name for himself in the mid-1960s. He devised the pseudonym Panamarenko – a reference to Pan American Airlines with a Russian-sounding suffix – and had his first solo exhibition in 1966 at the Wide White Space Gallery in Antwerp, featuring actions, happenings, and several poetic objects. Through the gallery, he came into contact with foreign artists such as Joseph Beuys, who convinced Panamarenko that his creations were indeed art. In the following decades, Panamarenko gained fame for the aeroplanes, cars, submarines, and fragile mechanical creatures born from his imagination, until he ceased his artistic activities and retired in 2005.